ABSTRACT In regression analysis, dummy variables are usually introduced by using binary coding and the designation of a single reference group for the purpose of interpretation. Other interpretive frameworks are available that allow comparison of designated category coefficients to an "average" value for the overall sample dependent variable. These shifted interpretive framework coefficients are usually easier to understand and interpret than the coefficients based on the binary-coded framework. Utilizing the processes suggested (1) by Suits and (2) by Sweeney-Ulveling, the binary framework coefficients can be shifted to allow for comparison about an "average" value. Each framework shifting process is accomplished without the assistance of a computer statistical package.
