1. INTRODUCTION The thorough defeat in the Sino-Japan War of 1894-1895 forced the intelligentsia of late Qing realized the self-strengthening course of China should be a complete social reform by learning from the West comprehensively. So they began to translate and introduce the modern Western learning in an unprecedented way. Hundreds of books were translated into Chinese in the first two decades of the 20th century from YAN Fu's Tian Yan Lun ([TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], 1898) to all kinds of textbooks and encyclopedias translated by the Chinese overseas students in Japan. In this process, a large quantity of loanwords were introduced to Chinese including "[TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]" (evolution), "[TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]"(freedom), "[TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]"(economy), "[TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]"(literature), "[TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]"(society), etc. The loanwords within the context of the translations were not of isolated existence but connected with specific syntactical structures and styles determined by different translation strategies. Therefore, the translation of loanwords in late Qing actually caused great changes of classical Chinese in many aspects, which aroused a heated dispute at that time (LUO Zhitian, [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]: 2001).
